Fig. 9From: Advanced 4-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography reconstruction by combining motion estimation, motion-compensated reconstruction, biomechanical modeling and deep learningProposed SMEIR-driven 4D dose accumulation and evaluation workflow for radiation oncology. After applying the rigid registration to align the 4D-CBCT to the 4D-CT coordinates, the 4D-CBCT uses the DVFs solved by SMEIR to deform 4D doses to a single reference phase, in a similar way as the dose accumulation process of 4D-CT. The 4D-CT uses a direct deformable registration algorithm to derive inter-phase DVFs, since the high-quality CT images allow direct inter-phase DVF solution. 4D-CBCT: 4-Dimensional cone-beam computed tomography; SMEIR: Simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction; DVF: Deformation-vector-fieldBack to article page