Table 1 Classification of the 3D visual optical arts reviewed in this paper

Shadow

 Shadow art

[1, 9, 12, 14]

●

●

[2, 4, 5, 10, 11]

●

●

●

[6, 8]

●

 Self-shadowing images

[15]

●

●

[16]

Reflection

 Optimizing mirror

[17, 21]

●

●

[22]

●

●

[23]

●

 Optimizing object

[24]

[25, 27, 29,30,31,32]

●

 Optimizing reflectance

[33, 34]

[37]

●

[35, 36]

●

●

[38,39,40]

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Refraction

 Caustic

[41, 42, 46, 48, 49, 51,52,53,54, 56,57,58]

●

●

[50]

●

●

●

[55]

●

●

●

 Volumetric displays

[59,60,61,62,63,64]

●

 Other refraction art

[65]

●

●

[66]

●

[67, 68]

●

●

Others

 Anamorphic objects

[69,70,71]

●

 Illusion objects

[72]

[73]

●

●

 Impossible objects

[74, 76, 78]

●

[77]

●