Table 1 The definition of DT
From: Systematic review of digital twin technology and applications
No. | Reference | Year | DT definition |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | [9] | 2012 | DT is a multi-scale integrated simulation of a physical equipment or system that makes full use of virtual models, real-time sensor data, and historical data on the equipment or system to map the entire life cycle of the process |
2 | [8] | 2012 | DT models need to meet the requirements of the system and subsystems throughout their life cycle, enabling the assessment of the vehicle’s mission accomplishment capabilities |
3 | [10] | 2013 | DT is an approach that uses data-driven analytical algorithms and other physical models to simulate the operational state of an entity, which can be described as a 5S system consisting of sensing, storing, synchronizing, synthesizing, and serving |
4 | [11] | 2015 | DT comprises a large collection of digital products, requiring a good architecture to link all components |
5 | [7] | 2017 | DT requires not only virtual mapping of products at the macro-geometric level, but also all the information about the actual manufactured products at the micro-atomic level |
6 | [12] | 2017 | DT of a product needs to realize the full-factor digital mapping of physical entities in virtual space, to simulate, predict, and control the feedback of physical entities |
7 | [13] | 2018 | DT is a real time mapping of physical, virtual, and interaction data in the entire life cycle of a physical entity |
8 | [14] | 2018 | DT is an all-encompassing digital representation of a product that simulates the properties, conditions, and behavior of an actual physical object through data and models |
9 | [15] | 2019 | DT is a dynamic virtual model that digitally builds multi-dimensional, multi-physical entities of multi-temporal scale to reflect the properties and behaviors of the real environment |
10 | [16] | 2019 | DT is a simulation process that integrates multiple physical quantities and scales in the entire life cycle of physical equipment, using physical models, real-time sensor data, operational history data, etc., to build models in virtual space to complete the mapping |
11 | [17] | 2022 | The twin is a refined digital description of the product entity. Simulation experiments based on digital models can more realistically reflect the characteristics, behavior, formation process, and performance of physical products. The real-time collected data are associated and mapped onto the DT to identify, track, and monitor the product. The DT can predict and analyze the behavior of simulated objects, diagnose faults and issue warnings, locate and record problems, and achieve optimal control |